At his birth in 1123, Hugh, Count of Campagne did not recognize his legitimacy and persecuted him and his mother. In 1125 Hugh decides to become a Knight Templar. He then rejected Odo I and bequeathed the county of Campagne to his nephew Thibaut/Theobald II, Count of Champagne.

Odo I was then taken over by his maternal family and became lord of Champlitte, which he probably inherited from his mother Isabella, or from the generosity of his uncle Renaud III, Count of Burgundy. It is also in the possession of Por-sur-Chaon and Champvans.

He will be nicknamed Eudes le Champenois in memory of his birth place and the claims he had in the county of Campagne.

Around 1137, his marriage to Symbille de La Ferte brought the title of Viscount of Dijon to the branch of Champlitte-Potagier.

In 1143 his claims seem to have been realized: Louis VII of France was at war with Theobald II, Count of Campania. The king captured the city of Vitry and gave Odo I possession of that city, probably with the aim of subsequently granting him the whole county of Campagne. However, peace between the king and the count was restored, and Odo I was forced to surrender the city.

In 1148, with the death of his uncle Renaud III of Burgundy, the county of Burgundy returned to Beatrice I of Burgundy, who eight years later married Emperor Frederick I of Germany. Odo I became then cousin by marriage of the German emperor, who granted him the usufruct of three fiefs from the estate of Renaud III: Quingey, Isle-sur-le-Doubs and Loye.

In 1171 he accompanied the Hugh III Duke of Burgundy and the Count of Sancers Etienne/Stephen I Count of Sancers on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land .